What sequential treatment method is used for effectively managing turbidity in water?

The correct answer involves a sequential treatment method that specifically addresses turbidity through a combination of coagulation, flocculation, and sedimentation.

In the first step, coagulation, chemicals known as coagulants are added to the water to neutralize the charges on suspended particles. This process allows the particles to come together and form larger aggregates known as flocs.

Following this, flocculation occurs, which typically involves gentle mixing to promote the growth of these larger flocs. By adding specific substances like polymers, the particles can further agglomerate, enhancing the effectiveness of subsequent processes.

Finally, sedimentation takes place, where the larger flocs settle to the bottom of a treatment basin due to gravity. This physical separation effectively reduces the turbidity of the water, allowing clearer water to be drawn off for further treatment or distribution.

Other options listed do not address turbidity in the same systematic way. Affinity chromatography, for instance, is a specialized technique used primarily in laboratory settings for separating biochemical substances, and is not applicable to water treatment for turbidity. Microbial reduction focuses on the elimination of microorganisms rather than suspended particulates. The activated sludge process is related to biological treatment aimed at removing organic matter from wastewater, which does not