What is the pressure range necessary to force seawater through a reverse osmosis membrane?

The pressure range of 500-1200 psi is essential for effectively forcing seawater through a reverse osmosis membrane. This pressure is critical because seawater has a significantly higher osmotic pressure than freshwater due to its high concentration of dissolved salts. To overcome this osmotic pressure and achieve the desired separation of water from salts, a substantial amount of pressure must be applied.

In reverse osmosis, the continual application of high pressure allows water molecules to pass through the semi-permeable membrane while restricting the passage of salts and other contaminants. The design and material of the membranes are also engineered to handle these high pressures without compromising their integrity, ensuring effective desalination and water purification. Operating outside of this pressure range could either result in insufficient water production or potential damage to the membrane.