What is the correct sequence of operation for an ion exchange softener?

The correct sequence of operation for an ion exchange softener is Service, Backwash, Brine, and Rinse.

In the context of how an ion exchange softener functions, the "Service" phase is when water is treated to reduce hardness by exchanging calcium and magnesium ions for sodium ions. This stage is essential as it directly relates to the softening of water that users typically experience.

Following the service phase, "Backwash" is conducted to clean the resin bed and remove any accumulated particles or contaminants. This step ensures that the system operates efficiently and has sufficient flow rates during the service cycle.

The "Brine" phase occurs next, where a strong salt solution is introduced into the system. This salt solution replenishes the resin with sodium ions and removes the captured hardness ions (calcium and magnesium) from the resin. This step is crucial as it prepares the resin for the next service cycle.

Finally, the "Rinse" phase involves flushing the system with clean water to remove any residual brine before the system returns to normal operation. This ensures that any excess salt is cleared out, preventing corrosion and other issues for downstream components.

This sequence is critical for maintaining the effectiveness and longevity of the ion exchange softener system, ensuring the