What happens when a filter is operated to a head loss that exceeds the head of water over the media?

When a filter is operated to a head loss that exceeds the head of water over the media, the situation leads to the release of dissolved air from the water, which can result in air binding. This phenomenon occurs because as the head loss increases, the pressure exerted by the water decreases. When this pressure is insufficient to keep the dissolved air in solution, it forms bubbles that can accumulate in the filter media, creating gaps or voids where the water cannot flow freely. This condition impedes the filtration process, potentially leading to poor performance and reduced water quality due to inadequate removal of contaminants.

The other options do not accurately describe the consequences of exceeding the operational limits of a filter. For instance, filtration process enhancement, increased water flow rates, or improvements in water quality would not occur under these circumstances; instead, air binding detracts from filtration efficiency and can complicate the operation of the system. Understanding the relationship between head loss and filter operation is crucial for maintaining effective water treatment processes.