What byproduct can form from both chlorine and organic material when conditions are not controlled?

The formation of trihalomethanes is a significant concern in drinking water treatment, particularly when chlorine is used as a disinfectant. When chlorine reacts with organic materials present in the water, such as naturally occurring organic matter, it can lead to the formation of these chemical byproducts. The most common trihalomethanes include chloroform, dichlorobromomethane, bromoform, and bromodichloromethane.

The reaction typically occurs when chlorine reacts with humic and fulvic acids derived from decaying plant material. If the conditions such as chlorine dosage and contact time are not carefully controlled, the concentration of these byproducts can increase, leading to potential health risks upon consumption of the disinfected water. Regulatory agencies have set maximum contamination levels for trihalomethanes due to their associated health risks, making their control a crucial aspect of water treatment.

The correct identification of trihalomethanes as a byproduct under uncontrolled conditions is essential for water treatment operators to ensure safe drinking water. Other byproducts, such as haloacetic acids and brominated compounds, can also form, but trihalomethanes are specifically notable due to their prevalence and regulatory implications.